perm filename CONT.TEX[AM,DBL] blob sn#398096 filedate 1978-11-29 generic text, type C, neo UTF8
COMMENT āŠ—   VALID 00004 PAGES
C REC  PAGE   DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00002 00002	\input hdr
C00005 00003	\def\NSECP #1#2{
C00009 00004	\ctrline{{\:= CONTENTS}}
C00019 ENDMK
CāŠ—;
\input hdr
\def\1{\:a}
\def\0{\:a\ }
\def\2{\:q}
\def\3{\:t}
\def\4{\:n}
\def\5{\:<}
\def\6{\:r}
\gdef\half{1}  % Randy: reset to {2} (for "second half" of book)
\runninglefthead{AM: DISCOVERY IN MATHEMATICS AS HEURISTIC SEARCH} % Reset this.
\setcount0 1   % Randy: change to setcount0 289, if 290 is first page in your half
\setcount4 0 
\setcount5 0
\setcount8 854 % This 854 will show up quickly if there is a bug somewhere
\def\forall{\mathrel{\char'470}}
\def\hook{\mathrel{\char'472}}
\def\han #1{\hangindent #10pt for 99 \noindent}
\def\asecbegin#1{\hjust{\:=Appendix #1}
	\penalty 1000 \vskip 6pt plus 3pt
	\acpmark{\chd}{\csec}
	\noindent\tenpoint\!}
\def\asusecb#1{\yyskip
	\acpmark{\chd}{\csec}
	{\noindent{\:=Appendix #1.}\tenpoint\xskip\!}\par \yskip}
\def\asssecbegin#1{\yyskip{\noindent
	{\:>Appendix #1.}\tenpoint\xskip\!}\par \yskip}
\def\GET #1{\input #1 \vfill}
\def\GGET #1{}
\def\BN{\setcount8 0}
\def\inbox#1{\vjust{\hrule\hjust{\vrule\hskip 2pt 
             \vjust{\vskip 2pt #1 \vskip 2pt}\hskip 2pt\vrule}\hrule}}
\def\hh{\advcount8 {\6\count8 . }}
\setcount9 1
\def\foo #1{\advcount9  {\footnote {\unskip
               $ā†‘{\count9}$\unskip}{#1}}}
\def\threstar #1{\vfill\yyskip {\hjust {\inbox{\inbox{\hjust{\:t#1}}}}} \yskip}
\def\colontwo #1{\advcount8 {\6 ** ${\underline{Task\  \count8}}$ ** #1}}
\def\strdotstr #1{$\underline{#1}$}
\def\inv{\raise 2.1pt\hjust{\:d-1}}
\def\minv{{\scriptstyle{\raise 2.1pt\hjust{-1}}}}
\def\qq #1#2{\yskip \ninepoint 
             {\hangindent 40pt for 44 {\it \noindent #1}} \par
             {\ctrline{\sl --- \ #2\0}}\tenpoint \yskip}
\def\hs#1#2{\yyskip \inbox{\inbox{\hjust{{\5 #1 . #2}}}} \yskip}
\def\bh{\ninepoint \parindent 0pt \parskip 1pt \yskip \sl}
\def\eh{\tenpoint \parindent 19pt \parskip 0pt \yskip \rm}
\def\lead{\leaders\hjust to 10pt{\hfill .\hfill}\hfill}
\def\NSECP #1#2{
 \advcount4
 \setcount5 0
 \setcount9 0

\yskip 

\hjust to size{\bf\half .\count4. \ #1 \lead #2}

}
\def\SSEC #1#2{
 \advcount5
 \setcount6 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 5pt \rm\half .\count4.\count5 \ #1 \lead #2}

 }
\def\SSSEC #1#2{   
 \advcount6
 \setcount7 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 15pt \:p\half .\count4.\count5.\count6. \ #1 \lead {\rm #2}}

 }
\def\ASEC #1#2{
 \advcount4
 \setcount5 0
 \setcount9 0

\yskip 

\hjust to size{\bf Appendix \half .\count4. \ #1 \lead #2}

 }
\def\SSECP #1#2{
 \advcount5
 \setcount6 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 5pt \rm\half .\count4.\count5 \ #1 \lead #2}

 }
\def\ASSEC #1#2{
 \advcount5
 \setcount6 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 5pt \rm\half .\count4.\count5 \ #1 \lead #2}

 }
\def\ASSECP #1#2{
 \advcount5
 \setcount6 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 5pt \rm\half .\count4.\count5 \ #1 \lead #2}

 }
\def\ASSSEC #1#2{   
 \advcount6
 \setcount7 0

\hjust to size{\hskip 15pt \:p\half .\count4.\count5.\count6. \ #1 \lead {\rm #2}}

 }
\def\NNSECP #1#2{
 \setcount5 0
 \setcount9 0

\yskip

\hjust to size{\bf #1 \lead #2}

 }
\tenpoint \parindent 0pt \parskip 0pt \lineskip 0pt
\ctrline{{\:= CONTENTS}}

\yskip

\hjust to size{$\underline{section}$ \lead $\underline{page}$}

\yskip

\NSECP{OVERVIEW}{2}
\SSEC{Abstract}{2}
\SSEC{Five-page Summary of the Project}{3}
 \SSSEC{Detour: Analysis of a discovery}{3}
 \SSSEC{What AM does: Syntheses of discoveries}{99}
 \SSSEC{Results}{99}
 \SSSEC {Conclusions}{99}
\SSEC{Viewing AM as some common process}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM as Hill-climbing}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM as Heuristic Search}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM as a Mathematician}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM as a Book}{99}

\NSECP{EXAMPLE:  Discovering Prime Numbers}{99}
\SSEC{Discussion of the AM Program}{99}
 \SSSEC{Representation}{99}
 \SSSEC{Agenda and Heuristics}{99}
\SSEC{What (not) to get out of this example}{99}
\SSEC{Deciphering the Example}{99}
\SSEC{The Example Itself}{99}
\SSEC{Recapping the Example}{99}

\NSECP{AGENDA}{99}
\SSEC{AM's Search}{99}
\SSEC{Constraining AM's Search}{99}
\SSEC{The Agenda}{99}
 \SSSEC{Why an Agenda?}{99}
 \SSSEC{Details of the Agenda scheme}{99}

\NSECP{HEURISTICS}{99}
\SSEC{Syntax of the Heuristics}{99}
 \SSSEC{Syntax of the Left-hand Side}{99}
 \SSSEC{Syntax of the Right-hand Side}{99}
\SSEC{Heuristics Suggest New Tasks}{99}
 \SSSEC{An Illustration: ``Fill in Generalizations of Equality''}{99}
 \SSSEC{The Ratings Game}{99}
\SSEC{Heuristics Create New Concepts}{99}
 \SSSEC{An Illustration: Discovering Primes}{99}
 \SSSEC{The Theory of Creating New Concepts}{99}
 \SSSEC{Another Illustration: Squaring a number}{99}
\SSEC{Heuristics Fill in Entries for a Facet}{99}
 \SSSEC{An Illustration: ``Fill in Examples of Set-union''}{99}
 \SSSEC{Heuristics Propose New Conjectures}{99}
 \SSSEC{An Illustration: ``All primes except 2 are odd''}{99}
 \SSSEC{Another illustration: Discovering Unique Factorization}{99}
\SSEC{Gathering Relevant Heuristics}{99}
 \SSSEC{Domain of Applicability}{99}
 \SSSEC{Rippling}{99}
 \SSSEC{Ordering the Relevant Heuristics}{99}
\SSEC{AM's Starting Heuristics}{99}
 \SSSEC{Heuristics Grouped by the Knowledge They Embody}{99}
 \SSSEC{Heuristics Grouped by How Specific They Are}{99}

\NSECP{CONCEPTS}{99}
\SSEC{Motivation and Overview}{99}
 \SSSEC{A Glimpse of a Typical Concept}{99}
 \SSSEC{The main constraint: Fixed set of facets}{99}
 \SSSEC{BEINGs Representation of Knowledge}{99}
\SSEC{Facets}{99}
 \SSSEC{Generalizations/Specializations}{99}
 \SSSEC{Examples/Isa's}{99}
 \SSSEC{In-Domain-of/In-Range-of}{99}
 \SSSEC{Views}{99}
 \SSSEC{Intuitions}{99}
 \SSSEC{Analogies}{99}
 \SSSEC{Conjec's}{99}
 \SSSEC{Definitions}{99}
 \SSSEC{Algorithms}{99}
 \SSSEC{Domain/Range}{99}
 \SSSEC{Worth}{99}
 \SSSEC{Interest}{99}
 \SSSEC{Suggest}{99}
 \SSSEC{Fill/Check}{99}
 \SSSEC{Other Facets which were Considered}{99}
\SSEC{AM's Starting Concepts}{99}
 \SSSEC{Diagram of Initial Concepts}{99}
 \SSSEC{Summary of Initial Concepts}{99}
 \SSSEC{Rationale behind Choice of Concepts}{99}

\NSECP{RESULTS}{99}
\SSEC{What AM Did}{99}
 \SSSEC{Linear Task-by-task Summary of a Good Run}{99}
 \SSSEC{Two-Dimensional Behavior Graph}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM as a Computer Program}{99}
\SSEC{Experiments with AM}{99}
 \SSSEC{Must the Worth numbers be finely tuned?}{99}
 \SSSEC{How finely tuned is the Agenda?}{99}
 \SSSEC{How valuable is tacking reasons onto each task?}{99}
 \SSSEC{What if certain concepts are eliminated/added?}{99}
 \SSSEC{Can AM work in a new domain: Plane Geometry?}{99}

\NSECP{EVALUATING AM}{99}
\SSEC{Judging Performance}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM's Ultimate Discoveries}{99}
 \SSSEC{The Magnitude of AM's Progress}{99}
 \SSSEC{The Quality of AM's Route}{99}
 \SSSEC{The Character of the User-System Interactions}{99}
 \SSSEC{AM's Intuitive Powers}{99}
 \SSSEC{Experiments on AM}{99}
 \SSSEC{How to Perform Experiments on AM}{99}
 \SSSEC{Future Implications of this Project}{99}
 \SSSEC{Open Problems: Suggestions for Future Research}{99}
 \SSSEC{Comparison to Other Systems}{99}
\SSEC{Capabilities and Limitations of AM}{99}
 \SSSEC{Current Abilities}{99}
 \SSSEC{Current Limitations}{99}
 \SSSEC{Limitations of the Agenda scheme}{99}
 \SSSEC{Limiting Assumptions}{99}
 \SSSEC{Choice of Domain}{99}
 \SSSEC{Limitations of the Model of Math Research}{99}
 \SSSEC{Ultimate powers and weaknesses}{99}
\SSEC{Final Conclusions}{99}

\setcount4 0

\ASEC{CONCEPTS}{99}
\ASSEC{LISP Representation}{99}
 \ASSSEC{The `Compose' Concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{The `Osets' Concept}{99}
\ASSECP{Concepts created by AM}{99}
\ASSECP{Maximally-Divisible Nos}{99}

\ASEC{HEURISTICS}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Anything}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Any-concept}{99}
\ASSSEC{Heuristics for any facet of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the Examples facets of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the Conjecs facet of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the Analogies facet of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the Genl/Spec facets of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the View facet of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the In-dom/ran-of facets of Any-concept}{99}
 \ASSSEC{Heuristics for the Definition facet of Any-concept}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with any Active concept}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with any Predicate}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with any Operation}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with any Composition}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with any Insertions}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with the operation Coalesce}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with the operation Canonize}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with the operation Substitute}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with the operation Restrict}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with the operation Invert}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Logical combinations}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Struc\-tures}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Ordered-struc\-tures}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Unordered-struc\-tures}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Multiple-eles-struc\-tures}{99}
\ASSEC{Heuristics for dealing with Sets}{99}

\ASEC{TRACE}{99}

\ASEC{BIBLIOGRAPHY}{99}

\NNSECP{Acknowledgements}{99}

\vfill\end